Nhoroondo yekusikwa kwemitero iri munyika

Mitero ndiyo huru yevimbiso yekuvimbiswa kweHurumende, zvichiteerana, nhoroondo yemitero yakabatana zvakananga nenhoroondo yekuvapo kweripo. Chokwadi, zvakafanira kusiyanisa zviitiko zvakadai sekutarwa kwemutero - iwo maviri ekutanga akaoneka kunyange nematunhu asati agara uye kazhinji anoreva kudiwa mune mutsa - chikafu, uye kunyange vanhu. Mutero wakamanidzirwa pane vanhu wega, misha kana madzinza. Vanhu vakundwa vakabhadhara mumizambiringa mushure mekukundwa muhondo, kutaura zvazviri, kutengeswa kwevaranda veAfrica kwakatungamirwa nemutero - nyika dzakasimba dzeAfrica dzakatengeswa vavengi kukunda kuuranda.

Iyo mitero yakatanga kuvandudza chete neyekuuya kwemari. Izvo zvakasikwa zvakaenzana zvakarerutsa kwazvo kupaza - mari yakaunganidza, uye iwe unogona kurasa nezvayo sezvaidiwa. Mitero yekutanga yakaunganidzwa kunyanya yekuchengetedza nyika uye hurongwa hwayo hwemauto. Changamire nguva idzodzo hazvina kunyatsofunga nezve zvakasununguka zvehurongwa hwemutero, uye nekuda kweizvi, mongozi akakurumbira kazhinji wakatanga.

Asi zvakadaro, nzanga yakaramba ichibhadhara mitero uye mutero kune iyo nyika yakatsiga. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nekuda kwekushaya tariro yemamiriro ezvinhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vagari vaitenda vakabhadhara mubati kuti avachengetedze.

Mavambo emitero

Pamberi pekubuda kwemasangano ekutanga ehurumende, mutero akabhadharwa chete neiyo setta yenharaunda - mhizha, vatengesi, uye varimi. Yaive mitero yavo iyo yakashandiswa pakupa iyo nyika system, uye kuzadza mauto.

Mitero yekutanga ye yaive mitero yetsika dzekutanga: Nyika, zvipfuyo, vashandi. Kumwe kunobva mutero mari, mutero kune munhu akakundwa, anokwanisa kuiswa se bhizinesi reHurumende, kana kukunda kunoonekwa sechirongwa nemutengo wayo (mauto) uye mari-nguva (nguva-nguva yebasa rakakundwa uye kugara pasi mutero kana mutero).

Zvibayiro dzimwe nguva zvinotaurwa nezvemitero yekutanga. Mitero yese iyi yaive yakananga, kureva kuti, ivo vakave vakananga pane vanhu vanowana mari, ita zvishandirwi uye zvivakwa zvako. Iyi mitero yakaendeswa zvakateerana nevatungamiriri venyika nevamwari vakasununguka.

Vagari vemuGreek veGreek vekare havana kubhadhara mutero zvachose, vachimisikidza ivo pachavo kumipiro yokuzvidira, zvakadaro, panguva yehondo, marepa emitero yakaunzwa kune huwandu hwese. Sisitimu yeRoma yakashanda nenzira yakafanana - mitero yakaiswa munguva chete yehondo, hondo dzeRoma dzinokunda dzechiRoma, munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti kakawanda sei izvi zvakaitika. Vagari vematunhu akakunda mativi akaiswa pasi pemarudzi ese emitero pasina kutadza kuitira kuti aratidze nzvimbo yavo yepasi.

Iyo system yemazuva ano yemitero inowanzogara nhaka yeRoma. Saka, zvaive mumazuva eRoma yekare iyo pfungwa dzakadaro sezvakareva zvakananga, kuchinjika zvichienderana nemari yemutero; Mitero isina kunanga inosanganisirwa mumutengo wezvinhu, kusanganisira mutero wekunakisa, uye pfungwa dzakadaro semarezinesi emidziyo, iyo yakajaira kumamiriro ezvinhu matsva mumazana emakore apfuura. Zvino ngatitarisei.

Mazera ekare emitero

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MuIjipita yekare, mari huru yaive yekubhadhara yekushandiswa kwenyika yaive nemusoro wenyika. MuGreek yekare, mutero wemari yaive huru, asi vagari vemaguta emaguta havana kuripa. Panzvimbo pezvo, vagari vakaita zvipo zvekuzvidira, uye chete mune emergency (hondo) yaive muzana yemari inounganidzwa kubva kwavari.

Pakanga pasina mutero muRoma yekare. Chero bedzi Roma yakaramba iri guta-nyika, mari yeruzhinji yakanga yakafukidzwa nekukweretwa kwenyika dzeveruzhinji. Authatus yekushandisa akazvitsigira. Vakuru vakasarudzwa, avo vakasarudzwa, kwete chete kuita mabasa avo mahara, asi zvakabatsirawo mari yavo kune izvo zvido zveveruzhinji pane zvekuzvidira, vachifunga nezvake. MuComnecal kesi (Hondo), vagari veRoma vaitemerwa mutero pazvinhu zvavo; Kune izvi, makore mashanu oga ese akazviisa pasi pevakuru vakasarudzwa-kuzvidza kutaura nezvezvivakwa zvavo uye zvemuchato, pane iyo huwandu hwemutero (hunhu) hwakatsunga.

Muumambo hweRoma, iyo ndiyo sosi yemari yaive mutero wenyika, muhuwandu hwegumi muzana yemari kubva muchirongwa. Dzimwe nzira dzemutero wepasi dzakashandiswa, dzakadai semutero pane huwandu hwemiti yemichero, kusanganisira mizambiringa. Zvivakwa uye nzira dzekugadzirwa zvakaiswa mutero: Real estate, zvipfuyo, zvinokosha. Mumwe nemumwe anogara mudunhu aifanira kubhadhara mutero mumwe chete wezvose. Paivewo nemitero isina kunanga (yakaiswa kune vatengi vezvinhu): Mutero weTheji - 1%, inokosha mutero wekutengeserana muvaranda - 4%, mutero pakuburitswa kwevaranda - 5% ye kukosha kwavo. Mune 6 Ad Emperorst Gugustus yakaunza mutero wenhaka pachiyero che5%. Vagari vemo chete ndivo veRoma vaiisa mutero wenhaka. Mutero wakanangwa. Mari yakagamuchirwa yaishandiswa kupa mapenzi emauto ehunyanzvi.

Pakupedzisira

% Mutero unoshandiswa zvakanyanya kusimudza mari kune mari yehurumende, kunyange inogona kushandira zvimwe zvinangwa zvakare.

Nhoroondo yemitero inodzokera kunguva dzekare, kusati kwasvika mari yemari. Uye yakakurumidza kuenderana nekukura kweiyo nyika system. Ichi chinhu chakakosha chekuvapo kwekuvapo kweHurumende. Maitiro ekutaurirana anoenderera nanhasi.